## Types of Systems: Open, Closed, Adiabatic, and Isolated

### Definition :

Thermodynamic systems are categorized based on their ability to exchange matter and energy:

1. Open systems allow both matter and energy to pass between the system and its surroundings.

2. Closed systems can exchange energy but not mass with their environment. Heat transfer and work can occur, but no material crosses the boundary.

3. Adiabatic systems do not exchange heat with the environment due to thermal isolation. However, work can still be done on or by the system. Rapid processes are typically adiabatic because they occur too quickly for significant heat transfer to take place.

4. Isolated systems are completely insulated, allowing no exchange of either mass or energy with the surroundings.

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS