Collapses (Rockfalls)

Definition

Collapses involve the sudden fall of rock masses. A typical example is the collapse of a cliff section, which can result from:

  • Erosion of underlying layers

  • Evolution of pre-existing discontinuities (e.g., cracks)

Collapse due to erosion of underlying layers

Example

As an example, the photo shows the rockfall at El Kantara cliffs, triggered by the widening of fissures.

Collapse of the El Kantara cliffs caused by crack evolution