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Definition of sociology
Sociology studies the social life of humans and how people interact with each other, the relationships of groups and societies, their cultures and customs, and their effects on those around them and the world.
Sociology includes a group of academic disciplines that help explain how societies work and develop, and the factors that affect them negatively and positively in all aspects of life, such as economic, psychological, and other aspects, which helps shape corporate strategies and influence the policies of governments and decision-makers .
Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline; It appeared in the early nineteenth century as a response to modernity, which affected the lives of individuals by making them more isolated, despite its positive impact in increasing the interconnectedness between the countries of the world, and achieving more and more integration in the world.
Keywords: Sociology/ humans/ interact/ other/ relationships/ policies/ decision-makers./ academic discipline/ isolated,/ strategies/ affected.
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Importance of Sociology 1
- Sociology makes a scientific study of society: Sociology has made it possible to study society in a systematic and scientific manner. Scientific knowledge about human society is needed in order to achieve progress in various fields.
- Sociology throws more light on the social nature of man: Sociology delves deep into the social nature of man. It tells us why man is a social animal and why he lives in groups. It examines the relationships between individuals and the society.
- Sociology improves our understanding of society and increases the power of social action: The science of society assists an individual to understand himself, his capacities, talents and limitations. It enables him to adjust to the environment. Knowledge of society and social groups helps us to lead an effective social life.
- Sociology has contributed generously to enhance the value of human culture: Sociology has trained us in building a rational approach to questions that concern ourselves, our religion and customs. It teaches one to have an object-oriented and balanced approach. It emphasizes the importance of ignoring petty personal prejudices and ambitions that are influenced by ego and envy.
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Importance of Sociology( part 2
- Sociology studies the role of institutions in the development of the individual: The home and family, school and education, church and religion, states and government, and marriage and family are important institutions through which a society functions. Furthermore, they are conditioners of an individual’s knowledge of sociology.
- Sociological knowledge is indispensable for understanding and planning of the society: Sociological planning has been made easier by sociology. Sociology is often considered a vehicle of social reform and
social organization. It plays an important role in reconstruction of the society.
- The need for sociology in underdeveloped countries: Sociologists have drawn the attention of economists regarding the social factors that have contributed to the economic backwardness of a few countries. Economists have now realized the importance of sociological knowledge in analysing the economic affairs of a country.
- Study of society has helped several governments to promote the welfare of tribal people: Not only civilized societies but tribal societies also have several socio-economic problems. Studies conducted byIntroduction to Sociology
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Definition Sociology of Organization and Work
It is one of the branches of sociology, which emerged as a result of the
emergence of many problems resulting from industrialization, and the major
changes that occurred within organizations, and uses sociological methods in
studying organizations.
"Analysis of industrial systems and organizations and the relationships
between them".
"Study of social relationships within the factory and organizations, and study
of the mutual influence between them and the local community".
"It is the science that is concerned with studying social phenomena within
industrial, administrative and service organizations in light of the theories of general
sociology, and theories of organizational sociology, benefiting from other
specializations such as anthropology, psychology, and others
Keywords :Sociology of Organization and Work/ branches/ industrialization/ uses/
sociological methods/ organizations./ industrial systems/ between/ factory/
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Functionalism, in social sciences, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a society—Finstitutions, roles, norms, etc.—serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society. The approach gained prominence in the works of 19th-century sociologists, particularly those who viewed societies as organisms. The French sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that it was necessary to understand the “needs” of the social organism to which social phenomena correspond. Other writers have used the concept of function to mean the interrelationships of parts within a system, the adaptive aspect of a phenomenon, or its observable consequences. In sociology, functionalism met the need for a method of analysis; in anthropology it provided an alternative to evolutionary theory and trait-diffusion analysis.
Functional theories in sociology see society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability and order. Each part (like family, education, or religion) serves a function to benefit society as a whole.
Key Takeaways
• The functionalism perspective is a paradigm influenced by American sociology from roughly the 1930s to the 1960s, although its origins lay in the work of the French sociologist Emile Durkheim, writing at the end of the 19th century.
• Functionalism is a structural theory and posits that the social institutions and organization of society influence the running of society and individuals’ behaviors.
• Talcott Parsons expanded upon Durkheim”s idea of the society as a moral regulator to create a “grand” theory of sociology intended to explain all of human behavior in relation to institutions.
• According to both Parsons and Durkheim, societies undergo an evolution, and large, formalized structures (such as the family or education) evolve to serve the purpose that small communities once had. People become more interdependent.
What Is A Functionalist Theory In Sociology?
Functionalism examines how the social institutions that make up society, such as the economy, education, family, religion, and media, all perform a useful purpose, and also influence members of society.
Functionalism is a theory that views society as a complex but orderly and stable system with interconnected structures and social patterns that operate to meet the needs of individuals’ needs.
The main ideas of the Functionalist perspective are that:
1. There is a social structure that exists independently of individuals. This social structure consists of norms and values passed on through institutions that shape the individual.
2. Sociologists should study society scientifically in a way that looks for the general laws explaining human action on a macro level.
3. Socialization is important because individuals need to be regulated for everyone’s benefit. Thus, the integration and regulation of individuals are good.
4. Sociologists should analyze society as a system by looking at each social phenomenon and the contribution it makes to the whole of society. Talcott Parsons believed that society acts in a similar way to the human body, as social institutions interact in the same way as human organs. Both are interconnected and interdependent parts that function for the good of the whole.
Critics argue that functionalism can overemphasize harmony and consensus while neglecting social conflict and inequality. However, it remains a foundational perspective in sociology, influencing studies of institutions, social roles, and the mechanisms of societal changeالنشاطات: 2