This course aims to explore and deepen the fundamental principles of chemistry acquired in previous lessons. Initially, the lectures will cover topics such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, intermolecular forces, and states of matter. Subsequently, acid-base and redox reactions will be detailed. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of chemical reactions will also be addressed, with a particular focus on the concept of chemical equilibrium

This course equips students with essential skills for effective academic and professional communication. Emphasizing practical language use, it covers vocabulary for scientific and technical contexts, clear grammar, and strategies for presentations, active listening, and structured writing. Combining theory with practice, the course builds students' confidence in using English.

Targeted skills include:

  • Developing structured communication in academic and professional English
  • Expanding scientific and technical vocabulary
  • Improving accuracy and fluency in spoken English
  • Mastering writing techniques for formal documents

Cytology: branch of biology dealing with cellular structure and functions. It complements histology which studies cells as components of tissues. The purpose of cytology is to understand the structure and activities of various cellular elements, the mechanism of cell division, the development of sex cells, fertilization and embryo formation, cellular dysfunctions such as cancer, cellular immunity and various aspects of heredity.