علوم تجارية

1.      General Introduction

This book is intended for third-year students in Management Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration. The content of the book aligns with the official curriculum for these specializations. Additionally, this book is highly important for second-year Master's students and Ph.D. students, and it serves as a valuable tool for all researchers involved in short-term and medium-term forecasting studies, as well as causal research studies. The book focuses on two main topics: simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. The concepts have been simplified, with an emphasis on analysis and interpretation, and the complexity of mathematical laws, especially proofs, has been minimized. This is because researchers in economics or any field outside of mathematics and physics generally benefit more from understanding how to apply and interpret these models in real-world economic or institutional problems rather than from understanding the proofs of mathematical formula or models. This is particularly true given the availability of specialized software for these models, which saves researchers the effort of manual calculations but does not replace the need for correctly applying the model to real-world situations or interpreting the results within the framework of economic theory, whether it is simple regression, multiple regression, or any other mathematical model used in economic research. Therefore, the author has tried to simplify the content as much as possible and avoid proofs, leaving them to specialists.

Any reader of this book will not need an extensive background in mathematics; the basic knowledge acquired in the third year of high school as an economics or science student will be sufficient to understand the book. Additionally, there is a review of some fundamental laws/formula necessary for understanding the course material, such as matrix algebra.